Cinnamon is probably a lot of people’s favorite spice since it has a sweet and warming taste. Did you know that there are also many medicinal benefits of cinnamon? This spice has been used for thousands of years. It is so old that there are drawings of it in the Egyptian pyramids. It was imported from China over 2000 years ago to embalm mummies. Greeks and Romans used it to improve digestion. Cinnamon, together with cardamom and pepper, was one of the first spices used in the Mediterranean.

It is also mentioned in the Bible several times. Its use in India started over 1,000 years ago and it is incorporated in Ayurvedic medicine. Cinnamon was a very expensive spice in the Middle Ages and it was only for the wealthy. It was traded through the Muslims into Europe. In the 19th century, cinnamon started being cultivated in other parts of the world.

Cinnamon is made from the bark of Cinnamomum verum (or Cinnamomum zeylanicum) tree which you can grow in tropical climates like my farm in Pedasi. The bark of the tree has several compounds such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and cinnamate which contribute to the medicinal benefits of cinnamon.
It is easy to include cinnamon in your diet since it can sweeten recipes without sugar. Try adding it into food such as coffee, tea, yogurt, fruit, oatmeal or baked goods. Cinnamon is very useful in slowing down sugar absorption and curbing cravings since it can stabilize blood sugar. This spice can be used by people with insulin sensitivity.

Cinnamon can help preserve food because it has anti bacterial abilities, eliminating the need to use artificial ingredients or chemicals. It is especially useful in preserving fruit petting since it possesses anti-tyrosinase activities which stop the discoloration caused by the oxidation of fruits and vegetables. It also helps the body fight any fungi or mold related diseases.

How to Use Cinnamon

Medicinal benefits of cinnamon can be obtained from the ground spice (which is bark powder), the bark itself, essential oils or extract forms which can isolate its flavonoids, antioxidants or phenolic acids. Cinnamon pills or capsules are also available for those who need to take a concentrated and quick dose of the spice.

Try to buy organic Ceylon cinnamon powder and cinnamon essential oil to get more benefits. Cassia is cheaper and more commonly used. Cinnamon sticks can be grated using a small grater. Whole sticks are used in liquids such as mulled wine to give them flavor. I like to brew a tea with cinnamon sticks, fresh ginger and turmeric. Ayurvedic medicine recommends using this spice during winter since it has a warming and metabolic properties. They believe it balances the Vata and Kaphadoshas in the body.

Cinnamon has many nutrients and vitamins including manganese, magnesium, calcium, iron, potassium, zinc, cooper, vitamin K, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and niacin, as well as fiber. Magnesium and calcium work together to maintain a healthy heart and are essential for strong bones, since they can prevent osteoporosis.

Risks of Cinnamon

There are four types of cinnamon, but just two are commonly used which are Ceylon Cinnamon and the Cassia Cinnamon. The use of cinnamon is safe in moderation, which is about two teaspoons per day. Coumarin is a compound found in cinnamon that can cause damage to the liver and kidneys if consumed in high doses. Cassia cinnamon contains much more coumarin than Ceylon cinnamon. Excess consumption of coumarin found in Cassia cinnamon could increase the risk of cancer.

Medicinal benefits of cinnamon include lowering blood sugar levels which may interfere with medication used to lower blood sugar. There are no known allergies or allergic reactions if taken in small doses. Test cinnamon essential oil on a small patch on your skin before using larger amounts to prevent allergies.

Do not exceed the recommended dose of cinnamon extract without speaking to your doctor. Pregnant and breastfeeding women can take advantage of the medicinal benefits of cinnamon in moderation. Cinnamon is one of the herbs that prepare for labor. People who have had surgery recently, diabetes or have liver disease should be cautious about consuming cinnamon. Dogs can also eat this spice, preferably the Ceylon cinnamon to prevent negative side effects.

Medicinal Benefits of Cinnamon

High in Antioxidants

Medicinal benefits of cinnamon include its ability to slow down aging, since it is very rich in antioxidants which reduce free radical damage. Research has found at least 41 protective compounds in the spice. The ORAC scale, which measures antioxidants in different foods, ranked cinnamon as #7. It is even more powerful than other herbs such as garlic, rosemary and thyme.

Flavonoids, phenolic and polyphenols help fight oxidative stress in the body, as well as prevent chronic disease. Cinnamon helps limit nitric oxide buildup in the blood and prevents fat peroxidation, both of which can increase the risk of chronic conditions, heart disease, cancer and brain disorders.

Reproductive System

Cinnamon is useful for decreasing menstrual pain and regulating periods. It is also useful for fertility and as a herb to induce prepare for labor. This spice is considered to be an aphrodisiac since it stimulates the libido and helps with erectile dysfunction.

Brain Function

One of the medicinal benefits of cinnamon is its ability to preserve and boost the brain function. This is due to all of its antioxidants which protect neurons against oxidative stress by reducing damage in cells and the risk of inflammation.

Cinnamon is helpful in preventing neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. In vitro studies show that cinnamon can help to block the buildup of a specific protein in the brain thus reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.  

Relieves Inflammation

Antioxidants are the main source of many of the medicinal benefits of cinnamon. The different types of flavonoids found in the spice are very effective in fighting inflammation levels throughout the body. It can be used to manage pain. Medicinal benefits of cinnamon include managing allergic reactions, reducing muscle soreness and other age related symptoms of pain.

Less inflammation in the body means lower risk of cognitive decline, cancer, heart disease and other conditions.

Heart Health

Medicinal benefits of cinnamon can lower many risk factors for heart disease, including high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels and high cholesterol levels. High blood pressure can make people more likely to have strokes or heart disease. This herb can regenerate heart tissue and increase circulation which is very useful in fighting strokes, heart attacks and heart disease.

Cinnamon is also a great blood coagulant, which means it helps the body to form blood clots so it can stop excess bleeding.

Blood Sugar

Cinnamon is considered to be one of the best foods for diabetics because it can lower blood sugar levels. It can also block several digestive enzymes to slow down the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream. Researchers believe that this spice is particularly helpful to people with diabetes type 2, especially after consuming carbohydrates. Medicinal benefits of cinnamon also include its ability to improve sensitivity to the hormone insulin, which can keep blood sugar levels balanced by transporting sugar from the bloodstream to the tissues.

Candida

Antifungal properties of cinnamon can help prevent and treat Candida albicans in the digestive tract. This yeast can cause many digestive and autoimmune issues. Medicinal benefits of cinnamon can also lower blood sugar levels. Increased amounts of sugar in the digestive tract may be associated with a higher risk for candida.

Gut Health

Your gut produces most of your body’s serotonin which is the happy hormone. Cinnamon is a natural digestive which can help you relieve constipation and stomach discomfort. Drink a tea made with one cup of warm water, half a teaspoon of cinnamon powder and half a lime two to three times per week.

Digestive System

Cinnamon has antiemetic, carminative and anti ulcer properties. This spice stimulates salivation and gastric uses. It can be used to treat digestive problems (one teaspoon before meals), acidity (sprinkle over food), lack of appetite (drink a cup of cinnamon tea before meals), vomiting (sprinkle over foods) and flatulence (drink cinnamon tea).

Anti Cancer

Antioxidants found in cinnamon can help protect against cancerous tumor growth, cell mutation and DNA damage. Medicinal benefits of cinnamon are being investigated as a natural cancer fighting food which can be taken as a supplement by those who have cancer or are at risk. This is especially true with colon cancer since studies show that medicinal benefits of cinnamon can improve the health of the colon. Cinnamaldehyde is a compound found in cinnamon which can protect DNA and inhibit tumor growth while killing cancer cells.

Fights Viruses and Infections

Medicinal benefits of cinnamon include its antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral and antimicrobial properties which help the body defend itself from illness. Cinnamon essential oils have strong immune boosting compounds which can protect against bacterial infections, which can cause pneumonia, common cold and strep throat. Ayurvedic use of cinnamon uses the spice to reduce seasonal cough, mucus and excessive phlegm. It can be drank as a tea or you can combine one tablespoon of honey with a bit of cinnamon.

Oral Hygiene

There is a reason why so many toothpastes contain cinnamon. Just like peppermint, one of the medicinal benefits of cinnamon is its ability to remove oral bacteria and fight bad breath without inserting chemicals in the body. It is also used as a tooth powder and natural remedy for mouth sores, dental problems and toothaches (like cloves). This is due to the essential oils found in cinnamon which have antibacterial properties that fight bacteria in the mouth, like a mouthwash.

Skin Health

Antibiotic and antimicrobial properties found in cinnamon can help protect the skin from infection, rashes, irritation and allergic reactions. Cinnamon essential oil can reduce redness, pain, swelling and inflammation of the skin.  Make sure to use a carrying oil or honey which is another antimicrobial agent which can boost skin health. This is especially beneficial for people who suffer from skin allergies, acne and rosacea.

Cinnamon can be used to control acne by applying 1 teaspoon of cinnamon with honey or yogurt to acne or acne scars. A mask of banana, cinnamon and rosewater can be used as a balancing and hydrating face mask.

Alleviates Allergies

Medicinal benefits of cinnamon can help the body find relief from allergens because it fights histamine and reduces inflammation.

Tarragon are not a fragrant variety of artemisia, like sweet Annie, yet it produces a sweet smell when leaves are cut since the oils concentrate.

Tarragon Growing Conditions

When you grow tarragon you have to be sure to provide the ideal temperature for this plant. It grows particularly well in spring temperatures and doesn’t do well in hot or humid climates. Those that live in colder climates should mulch plants in winter to protect the roots when it dies and goes into dormancy.

The ideal temperature to grow tarragon is 70 F (21 C). Pick a place that doesn’t get too much direct sunlight in you live in an area that has hot summers. Planting early in the spring will provide the best flavor.

It is possible to grow tarragon in soil that has a pH between 6.2 and 8.0, but it grows best in neutral pH between 6.5 to 7.5. Grow tarragon in well drained soil that is sandy and light. Acidic or moist soil will reduce the flavor of the leaves, rot the roots and result in poor growth.

Like other varieties of artemisia, this plant is quite tolerant to droughts. Water it on alter days when the plant is young. Mature tarragon needs less water, so every couple of days is good enough. Artemisias do not need much fertilization; these plants grow best when they have low nutrient soil. If you want to add fertilizer, do it at the initial planting stage or yearly during early spring so it has energy after the winter.

This plant is not long lived, for best conditions and flavor it is best to dig it up and divide it every three to four years. The best time to do this is early spring. Doing so will get rid of the older, woodier roots and use the smaller roots and shots for the new growth.

Thankfully those that grow tarragon won’t have many pest problems. The aroma of this herb is disliked by most pests. It is also believed that it enhances the flavor and growth of other crops nearby. Don’t plant it next to herbs like oregano that spread quickly and can take over your tarragon plant. Sage, thyme, tomato, pepper or chives are good companion plants.

Tarragon is susceptible to spider mites and whitefly. Diseases like powdery mildew, downy mildew, white rust and rot can affect your plant if it doesn’t have good air flow or drainage. Cut any fungus infected leaves and spray it with an organic fungicide. Give your plants space to grow and plant them 2 or 3 feet apart. These plants can grow between 18 and 36 inches in height.

How to Reproduce Tarragon

It is only possible to grow tarragon by propagation or buying a plant. French tarragon barely flowers and it has sterile flowers. Only Russian tarragon can be reproduced by seeds. Tarragon flowers are tiny with a yellowish white or greenish color.

To grow tarragon you should cut about 5 to 6 inches (12-15 centimeters) off a young stem and remove the bottom third leaves. Dip the cutting in rooting hormone, however this will make your plant not be organic anymore. Place the cutting in moist potting soil. Late spring or early summer are the best times to get stem cuttings.

Another option is do a root division, which can be done late winter or early spring when the plant is dormant. Cut the root ball in half and plant the divisions directly in the ground or in a container. Be careful with the root system of this plant since it is shallow and quite sensitive, especially when weeding.

How to Grow Tarragon Indoors

It is possible to grow tarragon indoors because this herb is quite different than the rest since it does not need full sun. Tarragon seems to preform best in a diffused or lower light environment. Pick a place by kitchen window that has at least 24 inches (61 centimeters) of height of space to grow. This plant needs between six to eight hours of sunlight per day.

To grow tarragon you need a pot with good drainage. A clay pot is a good option since it allows excess moisture to evaporate. Make sure that the pot has drainage holes and is between 12 to 16 inches (31-41 centimeters) deep. Mix one part sand with three parts potting soil to increase draining.

Do not over-water your plant. Herbs that are grown indoors should always be on the dry side. Water your plant deeply, then allow it to dry out completely until the next irrigation. Provide your plant with humidity by misting it with water every few days. Feed your tarragon plant with fish fertilizer or seaweed extract every couple of months.

If your plant grows too big it is possible to move it outdoors by gradually hardening it over a period of two weeks. Take it out for a few hours per day until it gets used to being outdoors. Wait until early spring to transfer any potted tarragon outside.

Another possibility is cutting the rootball of tarragon in half and replanting the other part. Do not wait until your plant roots are over rooted before dividing them. Prune your plant to a growth node or remove entire stems to keep it to a suitable indoor height.

Varieties of Tarragon

French Tarragon

French Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) is the variety of artemisia most used for culinary purposes. Its Latin name dracunculus means little dragon. The name is believed to have to do with the roots, which coil like sleeping snakes.

This herb has very high levels of essential oils which give it its taste and smell. It tastes quite similar to anise. This herb is one of the four “fines herbes” in French cooking, along with chives, parsley and chervil. Hollandaise and béarnaise sauces include this herb. It is also used in salads or when cooking chicken, fish, shellfish, cheese and eggs. French tarragon is also used to flavor vinegar.

Those who grow tarragon for culinary purposes should know that French tarragon is also called German tarragon. This variety does not reproduce from seeds, only from cuttings, since this plant produces sterile flowers. Cut flower buds if they appear to encourage the production of new leaves. Buy a plant in the nursery or get a cutting from a friend. Many people prefer to grow this plant as an annual and divide it every year in the spring to get the best flavors.

Russian Tarragon

Russian Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus Inodora) is an easier plant to grow than the French variety. It is also a more attractive plant. However, it is less flavorful than the French variety. Light green leaves are coarser and thinner than French tarragon. This herb produces small white flowers late during summer.

You can grow Russian tarragon from seeds. Start them indoors before the last expected frost. Place a few seeds in the pot and thin them to pick the strongest one to leave in that pot or transplant them outdoors. They take between 10 to 14 days to germinate.

Mexican Tarragon

Mexican tarragon is a type of marigold, while French and Russian varieties are types of daisies. Leaves can be substituted for French tarragon. It is easier to grow this variety, since it can stand hot and humid summers. As well as colder climates with temperatures below 32 F (0 C).

How to Harvest Tarragon

Most people grow tarragon to use it in their kitchens, so they will be happy to know that this plant produces many leaves to pick. As a perennial, this plant can be harvested from mid spring to late summer. Just make sure to stop picking the leaves at least a month before the frosts start. The best time to harvest is late summer when the aromas and flavors are stronger. Make sure not to harvest more than one third of then plant, since over harvesting it may make it weak.

Let tarragon grow big enough for it to have stems up to 6 inches tall before harvesting. Pruning the top of your plant during the growing season will enhance its flavor and make it grow bushier.

Fresh tarragon leaves have better flavor, but they can also be dried. Keep leaves in a ziplock bag in your refrigerator for a few weeks.

To dry tarragon leaves you should tie them in loose bundles and hang them in a dry and warm place that has enough air circulation. Make sure to dry them as soon as you harvest them so they do not get discolored or moldy. It is best not to dry leaves in the oven or in a dehydrator since this will evaporate the plant’s essential oils. These dried leaves will last between one to three years.

Medicinal benefits of wormwood have been known for quite some time. Ancient Egyptians used this plant to get rid of worms. It is also mentioned in the Bible. This herb is sought after for its anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties. It is also a great at treating intestinal worms and parasites. Wormwood stimulates and aids digestion, fights inflammation and is a great antioxidant.

This plant is confused with its cousins mugwort, which is more invasive, and sweet Annie. Wormwood is smaller, more like a shrub, and woody. It is quite easy to grow wormwood, which is part of the Artemisia family. Some people confuse it with sage, as it is also dried and tied into bundles for smudging ceremonies. This herb is resinous and aromatic.

Wormwood became quite popular because it is the base of absinthe (originally from Switzerland) which is distilled from its leaves. The plant’s Latin name is Artemisia absinthium. Conservative groups over exaggerated the mind altering effects of this spirit, which caused it to be banned for 100 years. Now it is available again in Europe. This spirit is quite bitter, which produces the medicinal benefits of wormwood. Other fragrant bitter herbs are sweet Annie, black walnut and elecampane.

How to use Wormwood

Medicinal benefits of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) are due to the plant’s bitter compounds which have therapeutic properties. Bitter compounds include artemetin,matricin, isoabsinthin, artemolin, absinth and sesquiterpene lactones. This plant also has volatile oils which are divided in three:

Terpenes: trans-sabinyl, acetate, chrysantenyl acetate, alpha and beta thujone.
Sesquiterpenes
Monoterpenes: linalool, cineol, thujan, thujyalcohol, and flavonoids: quercetin and glycosides of kaempferol

There are several ways to use the medicinal benefits of wormwood.

• Tincture
• Liquid extracts
• Tea
• Capsule
• Essential oils
• Smoking
• Lotion

Medicinal Benefits of Wormwood

Anti Malaria

Just like mugwort, this herb can treat malaria which is a very serious disease transmitted by mosquitos which are infected by a parasite. There are about 400,000 deaths of malaria per year, mostly of children in Africa and Asia.

Chinese researcher, Tu Youyou, and her team discovered in 1971 that wormwood could treat malaria. Her discovery saved millions of lives and she was awarded with the Nobel Price in 2015. Artemisinin, the most powerful antimalarial drug, is derived from isolated from Artemisia annua (often called sweet wormwood, sweet Annie or annual mugwort). Several varieties of Artemisia can quickly reduce the amount of parasites found in the blood.

Treat Worms and Parasites

As it name suggest, medicinal benefits of wormwood include the treatment of worms including roundworms and pinworms. This is a great anti-parasite because it is considered to be an anthelmintic, meaning its letal to worms. It is also a vermifuge, which makes the intestines and colon intolerable to worms and parasites. Use it to flush and clean your system if you think your intestines are compromised by parasites.

Many herbalists use wormwood with other anti parasitic herbs to make a blend that works against these organisms. It is quite useful when traveling. People from developing countries can benefit from this treatment as it is a lot cheaper than pharmaceutical drugs, which may not be available. Herbal protocols also use it for food poisoning and amoebic dysentery.

Those that have pets could benefit from doing woodworm cleans at least once per year. Drink two tea infusions per day for a week and then rest for a week and repeat once more.

Antimicrobial

Wormwood produces a boost to the immune system so it can fight bacterial diseases such as E. Coli and Salmonella. It is also efficient in treating fungal infections including Candida albicans, that produces yeast infections.

SIBO

SIBO means small intestinal bacterial overgrowth which causes a whole range of symptoms that include osteoporosis, nutritional deficiencies, weight loss and chronic diarrhea. This condition is usually treated with antibiotics, but it can also be treated with the medicinal benefits of wormwood and other antimicrobial herbs such as thyme, oregano and berberine.

A study done in 2014 showed patients which were treated with herbal remedies were less likely to show signs of SIBO than patients that used the antibiotic rifaximin.

Stimulate the Digestive System

Medicinal benefits of wormwood include its ability to stimulate better digestion and alleviate symptoms of indigestion. This is due to the fact that it promotes the production of bile which supports the gallbladder and liver health. Wormwood is even more effective when combined with other digestive herbs such as peppermint or ginger.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

This common condition affects the colon, causing diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pains, bloating and cramping. Medicinal benefits of wormwood can treat these symptoms when used alone or combined with other herbal remedies according to this research.

Crohn’s Disease

Patients with Crohn’s disease can benefit from the medicinal benefits of wormwood. A study done in Germany used wormwood with other herbs to treat the symptoms of this disease. It was particularly beneficial at treating symptoms of depression. Wormwood can eliminate the use of steroids for some patients and improve overall gut health.

Stimulate Menstruation

Medicinal benefits of wormwood include the ability to stimulate menstruation and regulate the menstrual cycle. This emmenagogue effect can be convenient even for women that want to get their periods early to avoid having it during a holiday. It can also be used as an emergency contraceptive. Wormwood should not be used by pregnant women because it can produce miscarriage.

Anticancer Properties

Artemisia, the active ingredient in wormwood, is able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Studies have shown its effectiveness on breast cancer, while other types of cancers are still being researched. Terpenoids and flavonoids destroy cancer cell lines. Leaves are high in antioxidants. When used in combination with iron it has higher potential to kill cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells alone.

Other Uses

Stimulates appetite: which may be important for people suffering from illnesses or injuries which need to recover faster. It is also used as a treatment for anorexia.
Relaxes muscles: anti-inflammatory effects can ease the pain caused by conditions like arthritis and rheumatism which cause pain in the joins.
Anti anxiety: medicinal benefits of wormwood may include mild anti anxiety effects.
Detoxification: as a hepatic, this herb can help to detoxify the body since it cleans the blood and eliminates toxic substances.
Insect control: wormwood is considered a safe insect repellent that can be used on humans. It can keep mosquitos away, as well as prevent flea infestations.

Precautions of Using Wormwood

High levels of thujone are quite dangerous since it could cause seizures and other problems with the nervous system. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, vertigo, insomnia, tremors and restlessness. Some people may be overly sensitive to the volatile components of wormwood causing them to experience these effects even with lower doses.

People with pre-existing conditions such as ulcers and gastric problems should not consume this herb as it could irritate them. Pregnant women should avoid wormwood since it can result in miscarriage. There is no evidence to suggest it may be dangerous during breastfeeding, but it is better to avoid it just in case.

Wormwood is toxic to the kidneys, so it should not be used by people with kidney problems. Those taking heart disease medication should avoid this herb which could cause intestinal bleeding. Medicinal benefits of wormwood should also be avoided by people who take anti-seizure medications.

Dried wormwood contains very little or no thujone, so it is the safest way of use. Drink a hot tea to get medicinal benefits of wormwood such as improved digestion. Do not boil this plant, simply add it to hot water.

It is better to use wormwood in powder for internal parasites or worms. Do not take this herb for long periods of time (over four weeks). This herb should be used under medical supervision. Dilute it in a lotion or with a carrier oil before applying it topically.

As a cat and dog owner, I worry about their well being, as do you (if you are reading this article). I have four dogs and three cats living in my farm in Pedasi. Ticks and fleas can be a horrible problem. So I was very happy to learn that I could use essential oils for fleas. Some oils work to prevent and repel them, while others even kill them.

These essential oils for fleas are created from plants and provide the properties of each plant. Chemical alternatives to kill fleas can cause problems for your cat or dog including skin irritations, vomiting and respiratory problems. Also, fleas and ticks can become immune to chemical treatments over time.

Using essential oils for fleas and ticks can be cost effective since only a small amount of oil its needed. To make your own spray of essential oils for fleas and ticks you can combine 1/4 cup of witch hazel and 1/4 cup of distilled water with 5 drops of lemongrass or lemon oil, lavender oil and rosemary oil.

Do not spray your cats (they don’t like it and it is too risky). Make sure to check first that your dog does not have allergic reactions to the essential oils for fleas that you are using. It is important not to add more than 30 drops of oil per cup of water. Too much essential oils for fleas can turn something beneficial to poison.

After you get rid of the fleas or ticks on your cat or dog, you have to clear these pests from your home. Make sure to clean and vacuum furniture, carpets and bedding. Monitor for at least two weeks so new ones don’t hatch. Fumigating your home with poison that kills insects, also harms you and your pets. You can also spray your house and yard with essential oils for fleas.

Precautions of using Essential Oils for Fleas and Ticks

Using essential oils for fleas provides a healthier and safer alternative. Some essential oils for fleas can repel these pests while others kill them by blocking their respiratory system. Those with a serious problem can use essential oils that kill fleas and ticks such a neem, cedar or thyme. Change to repellents such as lavender or catnip (for cats) after the infestation is under control.

Do not use essential oils for fleas without diluting them since they are absorbed through the skin and can be too potent for humans or pets. Cats are more susceptible to problems from essential oils since they don’t have glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, which are liver enzymes that metabolize chemicals found in essential oils.

Some of these essential oils for fleas can be toxic to pets and can cause mild to severe irritation of the skin, including itching and burning. They have a very sensitive sense of smell and high doses can cause respiratory problems including asthma or airborne allergies. Essential oils should never be ingested by your pets (or yourself without proper knowledge of correct use) since it can cause vomit, diarrhea, liver and kidney damage. They can also decrease their heart rate and low pressure.

To be on the safer side, it is best to use essential oils for fleas and ticks around the house. Another option is to spray in their fabric collar or a bandana. And if you do apply it on their skin, do it in diluted form or put a cone so they can’t lick themselves.

Pregnant women and children need to be very careful with essential oils, as some have harmful side effects.

Essential Oils for Fleas

Cedarwood

Kills Fleas: Yes
Repels Fleas: Yes

Cedarwood is one of the best essential oils for fleas and ticks since it actually kills them. Fleas are killed by dehydration, but it also stops their breathing and blocks their pheromones. Cedarwood oil decomposes the larvae, so they cannot reproduce. Interestingly, this oil is not harmful to beneficial insects such as butterflies and bees, or to humans and pets.

This oil is extracted from the leaves, roots and even the stumps of conifer trees that are part of the pine family. Egyptians used it in their embalmment process since it deters insects from infecting the body. This essential oil has both antibacterial and anti fungal properties. Dilute it to clean your home or place it topically on pets. It can be sprinkled in beds and furniture, sprayed in the yards or vaporized. Make sure to pick cedar oil from Eastern Red Cedar or Texas Red Cedar which don’t have hazardous ingredients. Buy cedarwood oil here.

Clove

Kills Fleas: Yes
Repels Fleas: Yes

Clove oil was included in the Environmental Protection Agency’s list of safe essential oils that can be used as insecticides. Cloves are picked from evergreen trees that are indigenous to Madagascar and Indonesia. They are unopened flower buds that are quite aromatic. Clove powder is a cooking spice. It also has medicinal properties, so it is commonly used as an antiseptic to treat toothaches and prevent oral infections. Clove essential oil has eugenol which is a power anti inflammatory.

Do not use this essential oil for fleas and ticks for too long since it is very strong. You have to be careful when you use it and make sure that your pet does not ingest the oil. It is not recommended for cats. Clove essential oil can be added when washing your dog’s bed. Buy clove oil here.

Cardamom

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

Cardamom oil has strong anti-inflammatory properties and anti bacterial effects, which protect your pet from secondary infections caused by flea bites. It can also soothe the pain of the bites when placed on the skin diluted with jojoba oil. Buy cardamom oil here.

Pennyroyal

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

Pennyroyal is smallest variety of mint, but it has a stronger flavor than most. This mint is edible and has medicinal properties such as treating colds, coughs, headaches and indigestion. Plant it in your garden to keep insects away.

Some essential oils for ticks and flees are highly toxic, as is the case of pennyroyal. This insecticide is very potent, so use a small amount. Spray or sprinkle it around the house in areas where ticks may live. Do not let your pets lick themselves or consume this essential oil. It is also not advisable to place it on their skin or fur. Buy pennyroyal oil here.

Peppermint

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

Peppermint essential oil is extracted from flowering plant tops and leaves using steam distillation. Its high menthol content gives it a recognizable smell and taste, which is why it is often included in toothpastes and mouthwashes.

This essential oil can soothe skin irritations, inflammation and itching on your pet’s body, since it stimulates blood flow which speeds up the healing process. It is best to use it on bigger dogs. Do not use on cats. Of all the essential oils for fleas and ticks this is not the most effective. Soak cotton pads or balls in peppermint essential oil and place them around your house to keep away fleas. Buy peppermint oil here.

Catnip

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

This potential weed is part of the mint family and is loved by cats as it name suggests. Therefore it is safer for use in cats than other essential oils for fleas and ticks. Do not use it in a pure form, make sure to diluted with a carrier oil such as coconut oil. It can also be used on humans in a diluted form. Place it on your cat’s bed or scratching post to stop the spread of insects. Catnip can also be used to combat other pests such as termites or cockroaches. The downside is that this oil does not last long, so make sure to use it soon after its purchase. Buy catnip oil here.

Eucalyptus

Kills Fleas: Yes
Repels Fleas: Yes

This tree, native to Australia, is on the list of essential oils for fleas and ticks since it contains an organic chemical called cineole. Extracted eucalyptus essential oil, derived from crushing dried leaves, has many medicinal properties. It is useful at eliminating fleas, both by killing and preventing them.

Create a mixture of water and a few drops eucalyptus oil to spread in your furniture, carpets and other fabric items to give them a smell that fleas hate. Make sure to keep spreading for a few weeks. An added bonus is the fact that this essential oil also combats pet odor. Include a few drops in your pets shampoo to give them protection and better smell. Buy eucalyptus oil here.

Lemon or Lemongrass

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

Essential oils for flees and ticks that are derived from citrus have limonene which is very effective at repelling insects. Lemon essential oil has antibacterial, deodorizing and disinfecting properties which is why it is included in many household cleaners (both natural and chemical). It is also a great mood enhancer, which is an added benefit!

Place several drops of lemon or lemongrass oil on a bandana or a fabric dog collar to make a natural essential oil repellent. Do not use citrus oils on cats since they may be allergic and can cause liver damage. Lemon oil cannot be used on human skin if the person will be in contact with the sun. It is best to use at night and to use sunscreen. Buy lemon oil or lemongrass oil here.

Citronella

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

Citronella essential oil is actually a registered in the United States as plant based insecticide since 1948. For this reason, you can find it in so many products including sprays, lotions and candles. This non toxic pesticide is effective at repelling mosquitos for two hours. Humans use it as an antibacterial agent.

Citronella has medicinal properties such as fighting infections in the kidneys, bladder and colon, as well as reducing nausea and anxiety. It can also calm anxious dogs and control their barking. Use it in a diluted form or place it in a diffuser for aromatherapy. Buy citronella oil here.

Lavender

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

Lavender essential oil is one of the most used in aromatherapy for humans, but it can also be beneficial for your pets. It has been used as an insect repellent for centuries, which is why people used it to wash their clothes. Lavender flower sachets are placed in drawers to keep moths away. This powerful essential oil does not kill fleas and ticks, but it does a good job at repelling them. It can be used both indoors and outdoors.

This essential oil has the additional benefit of being an anti inflammatory agent, which can soothe the skin from irritation caused by insect bites. Essential oils for flees such as lavender can be added to the shampoo or placed in a spray with water. Dilute it with a carrier oil such as coconut or olive before placing lavender essential oil on the skin. Do not place on wounds or sores since it can cause irritation. It should only be used externally. Buy lavender oil here.

Rosemary

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

Rosemary is commonly used for cooking, but it can also be used in aromatherapy and medicine. This essential oil is distilled from the fresh flowering tops of the herb. While humans find the scent of rosemary to be pleasing, insects do not agree. Thus it can be used as an insect repellent.

An added benefit of rosemary is that it can treat skin conditions. You can use the oil in a diluted form by adding it to a shampoo or brewing tea and giving your pet an infused bath. This will make their coat more shiny and stimulate hair growth, just like in humans. Infused baths do not need to be rinsed off. Rosemary oil is safe for dogs; do not use this essential oil on cats. Buy rosemary oil here.

Tea Tree

Kills Fleas: Yes
Repels Fleas: Yes

Original to Australia, tea tree comes from the leaves of the tea tree plant. Indigenous communities have taken advantage of the medicinal properties of tea tree for centuries. Chemicals in the oil kill bacteria and reduce allergic reactions, as well as heal cuts and burns in humans (use crushed leaves).

This is on the list of essential oils for fleas and ticks which is toxic when ingested by your pet. So be very careful when using it. It can cause allergic reactions on the skin of cats and dogs if placed undiluted. Tea tree oil can kill fleas and ticks, but it should be used in very low concentrations and always diluted. Buy tea tree oil here.

Basil

Kills Fleas: No
Repels Fleas: Yes

This herb can be used for a lot more than giving flavor to food, since basil has medicinal properties. It is a natural antiviral, anti inflammatory, and diuretic. As much as humans love this herb, it has the opposite effect on insects. Volatile oils found in the leaves can repel and prevent insect bites. This is one of the safest essential oils for fleas and ticks you can use on your pets. Buy basil oil here.

Thyme

Kills Fleas: Yes
Repels Fleas: Yes

Some essential oils for ticks and fleas can repel and kill them. Thyme is an antimicrobial, which is a powerful insecticide and insect repellent. It can also work as a salve to treat insect bites. This oil should be used minimally on pets in a diluted manner. It can also be combined with other essential oils for fleas. Buy thyme oil here.

Neem

Kills Fleas: Yes
Repels Fleas: Yes

Neem is probably the best natural pesticide. This tree produces oil from the seeds which has been used for centuries in India. This country considers this tree to be the “village pharmacy”. It can be used as a pesticide in your garden, as well as in your house since it has a component called azadirachtin which is a highly effective flea repellent. Neem essential oil also reduces insect feeding and messes up their hormone system, making it harder for them to lay eggs and grow. Neem is frequently included in soaps, lotions and shampoos. Add a few drops of essential oil if your dog’s shampoo does not include this ingredient. Buy neem oil here.

Sage (Salvia officinalis) is a great herb to grow in your garden or indoors. This perennial grows quickly, attracting beneficial insects and pollinators. Sage is a low shrub with pale green-gray leaves that feel like velvet when touched.

This herb is quite aromatic and flavorful, which is why it is used for culinary purposes. Sage can flavor chicken, pork and lamb, as well as vegetables. It can also be blended with butter or soft cheeses. Many drink this herb in a tea with a little honey. Sage has medicinal properties such as treating stomach problems and improving memory.

Some varieties of sage are ornamental plants that can be grown in your garden. Leaves colors range from yellow, purple, green and white, while flowers are blue, red and purple. Part of the mint family, this plant can be cultivated with other Mediterranean herbs like rosemary and basil.

Sage Growing Conditions

This herb likes full sun, so make sure it gets it. It can tolerate some afternoon shade if you live in a very hot area (USDA 8+), as it does not like extreme heat. Mulching helps retain soil moisture if you live somewhere very hot and keeps the roots from freezing in cold weather. Sage does not like wet winters or moist and cold springs. Common sage is more tolerant than ornamental varieties such as purple, golden or tricolor.

Make sure to keep leaves dry. Damp leaves will cause this plant to rot or get mildew. Sage is quite tolerant to droughts, this is why it can be found in desert areas. Water the plant infrequently, so the soil is not wet. Soil should be well-drained, loamy and slightly moist. If your soil is clay based, then add sand and organic matter. It can tolerate even slightly alkaline soil, but the ideal pH should be between 6.0 to 6.7.

This herb grows between 12 to 24 inches tall and more than 36 inches wide. Dwarf varieties grow around one foot tall and have smaller leaves.

Sage is a great companion plant that can be grown next to carrots to repel carrot flies and cabbage to repel cabbage moths and root maggot flies. It can also be planted next to chives, rosemary, thyme, oregano, marjoram, parsley, tomatoes, broccoli and calendula. Do not plant near cucumbers (as they stunt each other’s growth) rue or onions.

How to Take Care of Sage

It is a good idea to divide sage plants every 3-5 years. The best time to prune is during spring (starting the second year) to encourage new growth. Remove dead stems or blooms during fall or winter. Never cut the plant to the ground.

This plant needs to be a foot apart from each other. It also does not need much fertilizer, just put some organic matter or compost tea periodically to give it a boost.

It is possible to grow sage indoors in containers, just make sure it gets strong, direct light. Place your potted plant by a sunny window or supplement it with fluorescent lightning, as this herb needs between 6-8 hours of full sun daily. Use a humidifier if your interior setting is very dry. Placing other herbs nearby also helps. Make sure the temperature is warm, above 70 F (21 C).

How to Reproduce Sage

Sage seeds need to be sown when fresh, as they do not store well. Starting from seed may be complicated as they are not very reliable and are very slow to germinate (up to 21 days!). Make sure to sow, then scatter soil shallowly around 1/8 inches deep. Growing from seed can take up to a year for the plant to be usable.

If you live in an area with seasons make sure to wait until the soil is warm to transplant seedlings. End of spring or start of summer would be ideal. Start your seeds indoor about 4-6 weeks before the last frost and transplant them into pots when they are about 2-3 inches tall.

This herb can also be propagated by root division, layering and stem cuttings. Best to do your stem cutting in spring, after new growth. Cut the top three inches from the branch and remove the lower leaves. Place it in sterile sand and wait 4-6 weeks for the roots to form. For faster growth you can use rooting hormone, although this will make it not organic.

Branches that touch the ground can set their own roots, which can be separated and replanted. Layering can be done during the growing season, late spring or summer, by placing soil over the herbaceous part of the branch. Bend a branch (four inches from the tip) towards the soil using a wire to pin it and wait a couple of weeks for the roots to form. Cut this branch and transplant it to another location.

If you choose to buy sage from a nursery make sure to check that the roots of the plant are not overgrown. Pots should be three inches or larger and plants should be sturdy, not gangly or leggy. Also make sure the underside of leaves are clear of whiteflies.

Sage Pests and Problems

Sage does not suffer from many pests, so it is best to avoid the use of pesticides. However, there are a few conditions that may occur and here is how to treat them.

Mildew: is the most common pest that sage can have. Make sure that your plant is living in the ideal condition: hot and humid. Thin plants regularly so they have airflow and mulch with pebbles to prevent moisture evaporation. Use horticultural oil, neem or sulfur spray if you do get mildew. Do not compost plant material with fungal disease.

Rust: as its name indicates, the leaves of your plants will get light colored rusty spots which will then turn larger and darker. This fungal disease will reduce the vigor of your plant, so cut and remove any leaves you see that are infected.

Leaf spot: is another problem which is caused by bacteria or fungus. Leaves will get brown or black spots which will turn yellow or wilt. Make sure there is space between your plants and disinfect your gardening tools. Spray with a mix of water, baking soda and vegetable oil if your plants get infected.

Crown Gall: this bacteria causes gall to form on the crown of your sage plant. Prevent it by sanitizing tools and putting your soil under the sun.

Root Rot: check the roots if your sage is not growing, they may be rotten if they are soft and brown. Pick out the rotten parts and replant if the plant can be saved, otherwise destroy it.

Whiteflies, Aphids and Spider Mites: whiteflies are easy to recognize when you check your plant. They are usually found under the leaves, just like aphids that can also be found in the stem and are darker in color. Both are sap-sucking pests that prevent the plant from growing. Spider mites also suck the life out of a plant by creating fine webbing. Neem oil or insecticidal spray can be used to control these pests.

Harvesting and Storing Sage

It is best to allow sage to grow without harvesting the first year, so it can become established. After, you can harvest at any time, ideally before or after blooming in summer. It is even possible to harvest in the snowy winter.

Harvest this herb frequently as to reinvigorate the plant. Pruning after flowering keeps the plant from getting woody and leggy which happens after 3-4 years. Flowers are edible and can bloom again after harvested. Unlike other herbs, you can still use leaves after flowering since they don’t loose their taste or scent. Fresh leaves will keep between 2-3 days in the refrigerator if wrapped in a paper towel and stored in a plastic bag.

Consume this herb fresh or feel free to dry it on a screen in a ventilated area. It is also possible to tie branches and hang them upside down for 2-5 days. Drying leaves slowly helps prevent mold. Store them after in an airtight container for up to six months. Dried sage has a more intense flavor. Calculate one teaspoon of dried to one tablespoon of fresh herb.

There are plants that grow well together and plants that are problematic if planted next to each other. This is the principle of companion planting. Sustainable garden practices or permaculture promote polyculture, mixing species, rather than monoculture, planting only one specie. For best results, you should do crop rotation, have good soil and correct spacing between plants.

Native Americans have been practicing companion planting for many years. They grow the “Three Sisters” together, which are corn, beans and squash. Beans use corn stalks for support, while stabilizing corn and providing nitrogen to the soil. Squash prevents moisture evaporation and weeds since they are a sprawling crop that gives shade.

What are the Benefits of Companion Planting?

Some plants attract beneficial insects so other plants can grow or they can also be a repellent for pests that can be harmful. Animals dislike smells of certain plants. For example, raccoons cannot tolerate the smell of cucumbers. Rabbits will leave alone your lettuce or cabbage if you plant onions between them.

Taller plants can also provide shade for smaller plants that may require it, such as lettuce that does not tolerate heat. Vines can cover the ground, while stalks grow upright, thus allowing two plants to grow in the same space.

When choosing species to plant next to each other, it is important to consider their nutrient requirements. The idea is to plant varieties that need different kinds of nutrients, so that the other plant can thrive. When one plant absorbs certain substances, it can change the biochemistry of the soil in favor of surrounding plants. Without companion planting you would probably have a monoculture and that depletes the soil from nutrients, forcing you to buy chemical fertilizers.

Plant heavy feeders, such as tomatoes and cabbages, then legumes to help the soil recover. Light feeders (root vegetables, bulbs, herbs and protective flowers) can be adding before the start of the following season. Do not plant together crops that are susceptible to the same diseases or pests.

There are many benefits of planting plants together. Crops like beans, legumes and peas create nitrogen in the soil. Companion planting done with plants that have long taproots help bring nutrients up for shallow rooted plants. Sprawling crops help minimize space for weeds, allowing better growth of upright plants.

Companion planting should take into consideration how much space apart is required by each plant. You can do an average between the requirements of both. Make sure shorter herbs or vegetables are not completely shaded out. Also, plant taking into consideration the water needs of the companions.

Companion planting with Flowers and Herbs

Flowers are great for companion planting, since they attract beneficial insects when flowering. Nasturtium, for example, lures garden pests, aphids, and squash bugs away from plants. If you plant them next to fava beans, black flies will eat the flowers instead. Or plant brassica next to crops like cabbage to save the crop from cabbage worms and caterpillars.

Zinnias are great for vegetable companion planting as they attract ladybugs. Sweet alyssum, calendula and cosmos attracts hoverflies which devour aphids. Dill attracts ladybugs which eat spider mites and aphids. Those that have mice problems can plant catnip. Make sure to include flowers and herbs in your companion planting list.

Chamomile attracts parasitic wasps which feed many harmful pests. Herbs such as basil, borage, chives, cilantro, oregano, mint, lavender, rosemary, sage and thyme are great at taking care of pests in your garden, as well as attracting beneficial insects.

Plant Families

For this companion planting guide we are going to include eight plant families. Make sure you never plant the allium family with legumes, because plants in the first group produces a substance that gets on the soil killing the beneficial bacteria needed by bean roots, preventing them from fixating nitrogen in the soil and growing.

• Nightshades: eggplants, potatoes, tomatoes and peppers. Plants in this family should not be planted near each other as they can all suffer from blight.
• Broccoli: bok choy, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cabbages, collards, kale, horseradish, radish, mustard, turnips, and watercress.
• Carrots: anise, carrots, celery, chervil, caraway, cilantro, cumin, dill, fennel, parsnips and parsley. Prefers direct seeding and has a long growing season.
• Allium: asparagus, chives, garlic, onions, leeks, shallots and scallions.
• Mint: basil, catnip, hyssop, lavender, marjoram, lemon balm, white horehound, oregano, rosemary, savory, sage and thyme.
• Legume: beans, snap peas, lentils and fava beans. They increase nitrogen in the soil and most need trellises.
• Squash: pumpkin, cucumbers, melons, gourds and squash. This family prefers full sun, consistent watering and warm temperatures. Can be grown on trellises or on the ground.
• Beetroot: beets, quinoa, swiss chard, spinach and lamb’s quarter. Bolts in hot weather, prefers spring climate.

Companion Planting Chart

Most people know about lemongrass because of its culinary uses, but did you know that there are many health benefits of lemongrass? This herb is quite unique because of its aroma and citrusy flavor. Lemongrass is a tall, perennial grass that belongs to the grass family of Poaceae. There are 55 species of the Cymbopogon, but only two are known as lemongrass. Cymbopogon citratus, which is famous for its culinary use, and Cymbopogon flexuosus, which is used to manufacture fragrances because of its extended shell life, that is caused by the low amount of myrcene it contains. You can grow lemongrass at home.

Many health benefits of lemongrass come from its main component which is lemonal or citral, that has antimicrobial or antifungal properties. This herb has flavonoids, antioxidant and phenolic compounds including kaempferol, elemicin, catechol, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, glycosides, quercetin, and caffein acid. It is a source of vitamin A, B-vitamins, folate, and vitamin C, as well as minerals such as iron, zinc, potassium, manganese, magnesium and phosphorus.

Brew a nice cup of lemongrass tea or try it as a refreshing cold beverage. Add it to cocktails and desserts or in Asian recipes, especially from Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. Use lemongrass in curries, stews, soups, and stir fries. This herb is also used in beauty products, soaps, perfumes, deodorants, candles, and waxes. It is also used in pet products because it can help repel ticks, fleas and lice. Disinfectant and cleaning products use lemongrass, as well as insect repellents.

Lemongrass essential oil is very popular in aromatherapy because it has therapeutic effects which help revitalize the body. This is a cooling essential oil which is especially beneficial during hot weather. It has toning and astringent qualities that stimulate blood circulation. Use it in therapeutic baths to alleviate anxiety, stress, fatigue and calm the nerves.

Side Effects of Lemongrass

Lemongrass is considered a safe herb in general. Use a carrier oil when applying lemongrass essential oil topically, as it may cause an allergic reaction such as contact dermatitis if used directly. Ingestion of concentrated essential oil is also not recommended. Keep all essential oils out of the reach of children.

Do not use lemongrass medicinally during pregnancy. There is no evidence that it can trigger menstrual flow, but there is some concern that this herb could cause a miscarriage. More research needs to be done to determine whether or not this herb is safe during pregnancy. This herb could interfere with some medications, including chemotherapy drugs. Those who take prescription diuretics, have reduced heart rates or low potassium levels should stay away from lemongrass and its oils.

Health Benefits of Lemongrass

Detoxification

Lemongrass has diuretic properties, which may help to cleanse and flush harmful toxic wastes from the body. Body organs such as the liver and kidneys can benefit from detoxification, especially because it helps to lower the level of uric acid. Diuretics also help increase the frequency of urination and the quantity, which helps to detoxify and maintaine a healthy digestive system.

Relive Edema

As a diuretic, health benefits of lemongrass provide relief from edema or water retention. This herb can clean the lymphatic congestion and soothe swelling.

Stomach Disorders

Lemongrass essential oil potentially has antibacterial and anti-microbial functions which can help fight infections caused by pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori according to a study.

Health benefits of lemongrass can also help reduce inflammation. This herb can also help treat gastrointestinal disorders and improve digestion. It may be helpful for people who suffer from stomach ache, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, gastric ulcers and ulcerative colitis.

Lower Cholesterol

Research showed that essential oils found in this plant possess anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic properties. Health benefits of lemongrass support healthy cholesterol levels, as well as triglycerides. Lemongrass can reduce LDL which is the bad cholesterol. It can also prevent the accumulation of lipids in blood vessels. A free flow of blood in the arteries prevents the risk of various cardiac conditions including atherosclerosis.

Reduce Obesity

Citral found in lemongrass reduces the accumulation of abdominal fat and promotes the use of stored energy. Health benefits of lemongrass also help maintain a healthy metabolism and enhance the oxidation of fatty acids in the body.

Manage Type 2 Diabetes

Health benefits of lemongrass are beneficial in managing type 2 diabetes. A study showed that the citral present in the herb may improve the tolerance of glucose in the body. It can also help maintain optimum levels of insulin.

Lower Cancer Risk

Regular consumption of lemongrass tea can reduce the risk of several types of cancer according to a study done in Israel. Citral found in lemongrass can cause apoptosis (kill) cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. This stops the growth of cancer cells. It is particularly beneficial at stopping the growth of breast cancer. Health benefits of lemongrass include its abundance of antioxidants which help eliminate free radicals from the body.

Respiratory Disorders

Ayurvedic medicine uses the health benefits of lemongrass to treat colds and cough. This herb is rich in vitamin C which provides relief from different respiratory conditions such as bronchial asthma, flu and nasal blockages.  

Staphylococcus aureus

Lemongrass can also help fight Staphylococcus aureus, a bacteria that is found on human skin and in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. This bacteria can live in your body without causing problems, but it may turn into a deadly staph infection if it enters your heart, bloodstream, joints or bones. Health benefits of lemongrass include an anti-biofilm capacity found in lemongrass essential oil according to a study. Phenols and essential oils found in the herb can disrupt the growth of the germs, stopping the infection because they help stop the formation of biofilms.

Treat Infections

Lemongrass is an effective antiseptic that can be used to treat so many conditions! Health benefits of lemongrass can treat dermatological infections, like yeast infections, by inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Lemongrass is more effective than thyme, patchouli and cedarwood oil in treating vaginal or oral candidiasis according to a study. Its antimicrobial and anti-fungal properties can also help treat sores, Athlete’s Foot, scabies, ringworm and urinary tract infections.

Eliminate Body Odors

Many deodorants and soaps use lemongrass because of its antibacterial and cleansing properties. This herb helps the body fight unpleasant unpleasant body odor and prevent bacterial and fungal infections. Add lemongrass bath salts to foot baths to control smelly feet and sanitize them.

Skin Health

Antioxidants found in this herb can help lower the risk of premature aging and prevent wrinkles and fine lines. Daily consumption of lemongrass tea will help keep your skin free of infections. It will also treat fungal and bacterial infections since this herb has antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Lemongrass can also serve as an astringent, which can improve the elasticity of the skin, minimize pores and limit oil secretions.

Fever

This herb is also known as “fever grass” because it can help lower a fever. Ayurvedic medicine uses the health benefits of lemongrass to cure fever by inducing sweating. This is caused by the diaphoretic and antipyretic effects of the herb.

Boost Immunity

Lemongrass extract has anti-inflammatory action. Citral, a constituent found in the herb, can inhibit inflammatory action of cytokine production which are the signaling molecules through which the cells communicate and respond to the body.

Insomnia

Having problems sleeping? Health benefits of lemongrass include its ability to promote sleep and calm muscles. Drink a cup of lemongrass tea to take advantage of the sedative properties of this herb which are increased during sleep.

Reduce Aches

Oils in this herb are effective to treat body aches and headaches. There are many herbal oils that can treat muscle pain and body aches with lesser side effects than synthetic drugs. One study showed that lemongrass essential oil is useful in treating cramps, muscle spasms and rheumatism.

An enzyme called cyclooxygenase-2 causes inflammation that can lead to joint pain. Anti-inflammatory components found in lemongrass can help suppress this inflammation. This herb is also useful in treating arthritis, osteoarthritis and gout.

Anti-Inflammatory

Quercetin is a flavonoid known for having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits. This flavonoid is found in lemongrass which helps reduce inflammation, thus preventing heart disease and inhibiting cancer cell growth.

Insect Repellent

Lemongrass is on our list of herbs that are insect repellents. Studies have shown that lemongrass oil has anti-protozoan and antimalarial properties, which explains why it is included in many insect repellents. It can help prevent dengue, malaria and possibly Lyme disease.

Anxiety and Depression

Health benefits of lemongrass include its antidepressant activities which stimulate the release of serotonin. The brain needs this chemical to boost mental health. Citronella found in the grass has a calming effect which helps eliminate bad moods, improve self-esteem and mental strength.

Lactation

Lemongrass has galactagogue properties which help produce breast milk. Drink one to two cups of lemongrass per day if lactating. Antimicrobial and antibacterial properties found in the grass can help the infants stay safe and fight off infections.

Many people get rabbits as pets, but before you get one it is important to know what to feed rabbits. According to cartoons, they just eat carrots, but this is not true and your rabbits will not be healthy without proper nutrition. Some food is toxic and poisonous to rabbits, so make sure to read my article on what to avoid feeding them.

Rabbits need clean drinking water, check twice daily, because without water they become quite ill. They need to stay hydrated from all the hay they eat. Monitor the drinking and eating habits of your rabbits. If these habits change or they produce soft droppings that stick to their back end, they could be quite ill.

Make sure rabbit food is always fresh and fresh and free of insects. Different sources will give proportions on how much rabbits should be fed of each food source. Feed rabbits mostly hay and grass, between 50-90%. This amount will vary according to the rabbit’s age, since they need more protein when growing (so pellets would be recommendable) and more fiber when mature.

Wait till your bunnies are three months old before introducing new foods and do it one food at a time. Once they are used to eating different foods, you can combine up to three kinds per day. Fruits are high in sugar, so they should be a sweet treat. Pregnant and nursing rabbits need more food. Do not overfeed your rabbits because this will harm their health.

Wild rabbits eat grass, plants, weeds, clover, wildflowers, twigs, bark, pine needles, and buds. They can even climb trees to get food if needed. As herbivores they graze and they eat constantly. Their digestive systems process food very fast and they poop it out in two types. A curious and perhaps disturbing fact is that rabbits eat their poop.

Hay and Grass

Rabbits eat different types of hay including brome, oat, orchard grass and Timothy. Eating grass is important for them since it wears down their teeth, which grow constantly, keeping them at the correct length. Hay helps maintain the gut function and movement of your rabbits.

Alfalfa should not be given daily, because it is a more legume type of hay and adult rabbits need grass hay which has more fiber. Only feed alfalfa hay to bunnies under seven months old. Do not feed rabbits lawnmower clipping since they can upset their digestive system.

Leafy Greens and Sprouts

You can feed rabbits lettuce, but start with small quantities to make sure they do not experience digestive issues. It is best to pick darker and leafy lettuces. Some types of lettuce, such as iceberg, are toxic for rabbits and light colored lettuces do not have nutrients.

Arugula, Boston bibb lettuce, butter lettuce, endive, bok choy, cabbage, green leaf lettuce, red leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, radicchio, watercress and wheatgrass are all suitable options to feed daily. Chard, kale and collard greens can also be given up to two times per week. Sprouts that can be fed to rabbits include alfalfa, clover, brussel and radish.

Herbs and Flowers

There are some types of herbs that are suitable to feed rabbits. These include basil, cilantro, parsley, dill, fennel, mint, oregano, rosemary, sage, and thyme. Flowers that can be fed to rabbits include calendula, chamomile, daylily, dianthus, hibiscus, English daisy, honeysuckle, marigold, nasturtium, rose, and pansy.

Root and Other Vegetables

Rabbits do not eat carrots in the wild or any other root vegetable. Carrots are also packed with sugar, so this can be given as a snack, perhaps 1-3 pieces per week deepening on the size of the rabbit.
Mix a few vegetables to feed rabbits, these can include cucumber, asparagus, beets (in moderation), celery, peas (in moderation), bell peppers, squash and pumpkin.

Fruits

You can feed rabbits one or two servings of fruit per week. Calculate 1.5 tablespoons per 5 pounds of body weight.

Fruits that you can feed rabbits include watermelon, pineapple, papaya, melon, mango, banana, apples, pears, oranges, peaches, plums, pomegranate (no seeds), nectarines, and grapes. They also like berries like blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, cherries and strawberries. Do not give them seeds.

Pellets

I do not feed rabbits pellets since I have a farm so I am able to provide them with food. But people who are raising rabbits at home or have long winters may need to buy pellets. Pellets are also a good way to wean your rabbits, before feeding them fresh grass and hay.

Make sure not feed rabbits more than 30% pellets. This food is a complement to hay for any nutrients that may be lacking. Choose high quality pellets that do not have nuts, seeds, and dried corn. Bunnies under 12 months need more protein and can be feed alfalfa pellets. Adult rabbits can be fed Timothy pellets. A dwarf adult rabbit needs 0.12 cups of pellets, while a mid or large size rabbit needs 0.25 cups of pellet per day.

There are many benefits of growing herbs for chickens. The right types of herbs can be a healthy and nutritious addition to their diets. It is best to incorporate some plants where they roam. Most herbs are quite low maintenance and grow easily either under full sun or partial shade.

A good way of growing herbs for chickens is to make a raised bed (between 4-6 inches in height) with a top made of hardware cloth. Plants will reach the top and the chickens will peck at them but they won’t be able to tear out the roots.

How to Use Herbs FOr Chickens

Fresh or dried herbs can be added into the nesting boxes, chicken feed or simply letting them pick what they feel like eating. You will soon realize they love munching on fresh herbs! Other times they may not like fresh herbs, but enjoy the dried and crushed versions. Cut herbs from your garden, dry them, then crush them and stored them in sealed jars. Another option is to brew tea and place them in their water bowls.

Healthy chickens may need herbs to boost their immune system and promote overall health. For this purpose it is best to let them eat at will, otherwise to give them herbs periodically. Some herbs are quite potent (ginger, black pepper, cayenne pepper, garlic, for example) and can cause adverse effects if given in large doses.

Mix herbs such as oregano, sage, dill, basil, marjoram and marigold (not a herb) for a health booster. Other herbs for chickens such as parsley, sage, lemon balm and marjoram can encourage them to lay eggs and provides vitamins.

A combination of lavender (see flowers that are beneficial for chickens) and mint in a tea with with witch hazel serves as a good fly repellent. You can also make a herbal coop spray to keep the coop clean since most herbs have antiseptic and antimicrobial components. Pick 2-3 herbs from this article and add 2-3 lemon or orange peels, 1 1/2 cups of vodka, and 1 1/2 cups of white vinegar. Place in a glass jar for 2-4 weeks, then strain and use on all surfaces.

Herbs placed in nesting boxes should be changed frequently (every other day) so they don’t mold or breed pathogens. This is specially true if you use fresh herbs.

What Herbs for Chickens are Beneficial

As a general rule of thumb herbs can be divided in five groups, although some herbs for chickens can provide multiple benefits.

• General Health: sage / pineapple sage, spearmint, tarragon, cilantro, comfrey
• Respiratory Health: thyme, dill, bee balm, basil
• Laying Stimulants: parsley, marjoram, nasturtium, fennel
• Natural Antibiotic: oregano, garlic
• Insect Repelling: lavender, mint, chamomile, lemon balm, rosemary

Read my article on What Plants and Herbs Produce Orange Chicken Egg Yolks.

Stay clear of honeysuckle, eucalyptus, tansy, pennyroyal, vetch, aloe vera, foxglove, henbane, and castor bean.

Oregano

Farmers who prefer a natural approach to antibiotics can plant oregano. Studies show this herb is far more potent than pharmaceutical antibiotics. Feeding it to chicken can help combat avian flu, coccidiosis, e.coli and salmonella. Some herbs for chickens (like oregano) help strengthen their immune system. It can be added to the feed daily in both fresh or dried form. Laying chickens can benefit from having some oregano in their nesting box. Add some fresh leaves to deter pathogens and keep the area clean. Chickens like the smell which gives them a boost and stimulates egg laying.

Garlic

Garlic serves as an immune booster for your chickens protecting against viruses and killing harmful bacteria. Its antibacterial support helps prevent illness and treats them as well. As an anti-fungal it can get rid of the fungi that affects the health of your chickens. If you notice that your chicken are ill you can add minced garlic to their water or feed, otherwise once a week is enough.

Mint

Mint can grow pretty wild so plant it directly on the soil only if you plan to have your chickens eat it at will. Otherwise it is best to plant this herb in a container. Mint naturally lowers chicken’s body temperatures during the summer (you can give them mint frozen in ice cubes). This is one of those herbs for chickens that is very useful in nesting boxes since it helps repel bugs and mice. It also calms laying hens and helps them product thicker and larger eggs.

Marjoram

This is one of those herbs for chickens that can act as a laying stimulant. Add it to their nesting boxes or include it in their daily feed. It will help them lay eggs and correct weak eggshell problems. Add it to the water to improve blood circulation or breathing issues since it is a decongestant. Marjoram is part of the mint family and is frequently used in Ayurvedic medicine to help with several human ailments.

Bee Balm

As you can imagine, bee balm attracts bees to your garden. However, this is one of those herbs for chickens can help them improve their digestive track and respiration. Place petals on nesting boxes to calm laying hens. Bee balm is also an antibacterial and antiseptic agent that creates a healthier environment to lay or hatch.

Lemon Balm

Adding lemon balm to nesting boxes repels rodents and other annoying insects due to its strong smell. It will also calm down laying hens since it has stress relieving properties. This calming herb treats depression, anxiety, insomnia and more. It is also anti-inflammatory which means it helps relieve stomach discomforts.

Thyme

Just like mint, thyme is a natural insect repellent that can be included in your chicken’s nesting box. Lemon thyme will give the coop a pleasant citrus smell. Steep thyme in white vinegar for several weeks then strain the liquid and place it in a spray bottle to spray the coop and feeding area; it will repel flies and other insects. It can also be fed fresh or dried to improve the health of chicken since it has antibiotic and antibacterial properties. Some herbs for chickens (like this one) help their respiratory health.

Parsley

Parsley is extremely rich in nutrients! When added to to your chicken’s diet it will help them lay more. Additionally, it is a vitamin booster rich in vitamin K and magnesium which helps with blood vessel development. Beta-carotene and other antioxidants will help reduce diseases, keep bones healthy, help the nervous system and boost the immune system. Best to grow some plants and let them eat when they feel like.

Chamomile

This is one of those herbs for chickens that has wonderful medicinal properties. Like lavender it also has a calming effect. Relaxed chickens lay more eggs. It is best placed in the chicken coop since it is very good at fighting lice, mites and flees. Chamomile is also a natural antibiotic and an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-allergenic.

Cilantro

Cilantro is one of the best overall herbs for chickens since it supports their immune system and digestive track. Its antioxidants provide natural bone support. Cilantro contains vitamins such as A, B6, C and E, as well as minerals such as niacin, calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium.

Dill

This is one of those herbs for chickens that has a strong smell, which can help to repel insects. It can be fed in fresh or dry to aid digestion, support respiratory health and has anti-bacterial properties. Dill has lots of minerals including phosphorus, calcium and magnesium which helps chickens to produce healthy eggs.

Fennel

Fennel is specially beneficial to hens since it is a laying stimulant that can enhance their reproductive health. Use shaved fennel bulb as a feed and add the foliage to the nesting box. Make sure to harvest quickly since the bulb can spoil and loose its flavor.

Sage

Sage is included in the list of herbs for chickens that is an antioxidant. You can include it in their feed to reduce the risk of salmonella in your flock. Sage also helps with general health issues since it has vitamins and is an anti-parasitic which fight diseases.

Rosemary

Rosemary has a strong scent which can help repel insects including mosquitos, ants, flies and other annoyances. Sprinkle clippings or place twigs around nesting boxes to keep your coop smelling fresh, as rosemary is a natural deodorizer. This herb for chickens also has medicinal benefits such as pain relief (can be applied externally) and antioxidants.

Comfrey

Not such a common herb, but comfrey has been regarded as a great medicinal plant by the ancient Greeks. They used it for respiratory issues, gastrointestinal problems, heal wounds and broken bones. You can make a herbal salve with beeswax, olive oil and comfrey leaves to treat scrapes, scratches or pulled chicken feathers. It can also help improve their digestion.

Those who want to grow thyme need to know there are about 300 different varieties of thyme which are used for culinary and decorative uses. Thyme also has medicinal properties because of thymol (a chemical compound) which is used in sanitizers, medications and mouthwash. Thyme is beneficial for chickens.

Cooks love this herb and often use in conjunction with other herbs such as oregano and parsley. It can go with so many dishes including soups, salad dressings, marinades, sauces and rubs. It smells wonderful, not only enhancing your meals, but also your kitchen. Since it is slow to release oils, it is best to add it early in the cooking process.

Many people burn thyme at home to clear and clean a home from spirits. See my article on herbs to burn to cleanse your home.

How to Grow Thyme from Seed

Thyme seeds are difficult to germinate, so many people prefer to buy established plants or propagate from cuttings. However, it is possible to grow thyme from seed. The good news is that thyme seed packages are cheap and they plenty of seed and they retain their germination powers for three years, which is longer than most herbs.

You can also collect seeds from your own plants when they mature. Gently shake the plant after noon and later in the afternoon for seeds to fall into a sheet or a bag. Do not do this when the plant is wet, otherwise the seeds will stick to the plant instead of falling where you want. Keep seeds in a warm and airy room for them to dry.

Scatter these tiny seeds on the soil of the container you plan on using, then gently scatter a fine layer of soil over the seeds and water. Cover with a plastic wrap (or not) if they will be exposed and place them in a warm spot. Thyme seeds will germinate in 1 to 12 weeks (such a broad time frame!).

Once they are about 4 inches (10 centimeters) tall, you can replant them in your garden or in a pot.

How to Grow Thyme from Cuttings or Divisions

To grow thyme from a cutting you need to take a piece of the plant that is between 3-6 inches in length. Make sure it is not flowering. You can also use used thyme bunches bought from the farmers market. Remove the bottom two inches of leaves from the stem and cut the tip at a 45 degree angle. You can apply rooting hormone (or not since you will be eating from this plant) to the wounded part of the cutting. If you use rooting hormone you have to wait a year before consuming. Plant it in vermiculite, sterile sand or high quality soil.

Roots can take about six weeks to emerge, so be patient! When this happens you can transfer it to a larger pot or plant it in the garden when the weather is warm, at least 60-70 F (15-21 C). If the leaves turn yellow (due to transplant shock), simply trim them off.

The easiest way to grow thyme is from divisions, since this plant is so easy to divide once it is mature. All you need to do is use a spade to lift the clump of thyme from the ground. Separate a piece from the main plant, making sure the root ball is intact. Replant the mother and plant the division separately. Try to divide the plant before it gets old and woody.

How to Take Care of Thyme?

Learning how to take care of thyme is not very hard. This pungent and woody perennial herb is native to the Mediterranean. Which means it prefers a dry and warm climate with low humidity. This is a good thing, since this plant is super tolerant and won’t mind neglect. Thyme is drought-resistant, so wait for the soil to dry out before you water it again. It is hardy in USDA zones 5 to 9, although some species can live in other zones.

Unlike other herbs, thyme will not bolt. Flowers will come and the plant will continue to thrive. Just trim them back to promote new growth. Thyme flowers can be used in a tea or dried for a sachet. Bees love the flowers and make delicious thyme honey from it.

It is possible to grow thyme in very poor soil with a pH between 6.0–8.0 (slightly acidic to slightly alkaline). Soil mixture needs to be dry and well-drained as thyme suffers from root rotting problems if over-watered. Sandy mixtures work best and you can always add gravel beneath so the water moves quickly.

Thyme actually prefers soil with little nutrients, so there is no need to fertilize or if you want to do so, use an organic liquid fertilizer (like diluted fish emulsion or liquid seaweed) once in the growing season. For this same reason, it is best not to grow thyme next to other herbs or plants which need more nutrients.

You can grow thyme in your garden and patio, it is a great landscaping plant that can be planted near rocks. Many thyme varieties have a habit of spreading, while others grow upright. Thyme can be left outside during the winter, when it will become dormant and bloom again in the spring. Stop pruning when the weather gets cold and put some mulch to provide protection.

You can grow thyme next to rosemary, since their needs are quite similar. Plant 12-24 inches apart from rosemary or other thyme plants since it is a vigorous grower.

Grow Thyme Indoors

If you were to grow thyme indoors, make sure the plant receives constant light. Pick a bright windowsill that gets around eight hours of sunlight per day. Those who live in colder climates can always buy fluorescent growth lights. It is also possible to bring in potted plants for the winter and leave them out for the summer.

When picking a pot to grow thyme, make sure to get one with a lot of drainage. Clay or terracotta help remove extra moisture from the soil. Use a soil mixture with sand or another gritty material including peat moss or perlite.

Potted thyme plants become woody after three or four years, so it is best to remove the plant and divide it to replant it into smaller pieces in separate pots. Or simply discard the old woody thyme. Cutting frequently helps prevent woody thyme which can’t be used.

Thyme Pest Problems

Thyme is a plant that is not susceptible to that many pests or diseases. When leaves remain soaked from water they can get gray mold which are fuzzy spores. Cut the part of the plant and stems that are infected before it spreads and you need to discard the whole plant. It is also susceptible to root rot, so avoid planting too close to other plants.

Use neem oil to treat whiteflies and mealybugs, which are more of an indoor problem. Insecticidal soap can also help control pests.

How to Harvest and Store Thyme

Thyme can be harvested at any time after being established. However, the best time to cut it is before it flowers. Clip whenever you want to use it, but also do mass clippings periodically since the more you trim, the more you grow thyme. Leave at least five inches of growth, so the plant flourishes. Pruning incentives a round shape.

Strip thyme leaves from the stem before storing. This herb can be dried or frozen. Hang leaves upside down from a screen and they will dry in less than a week. Keep it in a sealed container in a cool area for the best flavor. Fresh leaves should be wrapped in a damp paper towel cover with plastic and will keep for one or two weeks.